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The Research Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

This step-by-step guide will assist you in finding information and resources to guide you through the research process.

Tip!

It can be difficult to distinguish between the various types of periodicals when they are in electronic format. Luckily, many databases allow researchers to search or sort results by publication type. On the search interface of the database, look for options to limit your results by scholarly journals, peer-reviewed journals etc.

Academic Journals - Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed

Appearance: Generally have a sober, serious look. May contain graphs and charts, but few glossy pages or photographs. Use scholarly language with vocabulary specific to their profession or field.

Audience: Written for academics, professionals, researchers, students.

Author/Authority: Articles written by researchers or scholars in the field who report the results of original research.

Citations: Articles include footnotes and a list of citations at the end of the article.

Content: Includes scholarly research for a particular profession or industry.

Frequency: Usually published bimonthly or quarterly.


Examples:

         

What is a Scholarly Article?

Scholarly articles are written by an expert in the field or by someone who has conducted research in the field. Scholarly articles are also known as peer-reviewed articles because they undergo a rigorous review process by other experts in the field.

Peer Review in 3 Minutes

Video Summary
How do articles get peer reviewed? What role does peer review play in scholarly research and publication? This video will explain.


Created by 
NCSU Library
This video is published under a Creative Commons 3.0 BY-NC-SA US license.

Newspapers

Appearance: Generally printed on newsprint in black ink.

Audience: Written for the general public.

Author/Authority: Articles written by staff writers and freelance journalists.

Citations: Will sometimes cite sources, a scholar, or a freelance writer.

Content: Includes current events and special features.

Frequency: Usually published daily or weekly.


Examples:

    

Trade or Industry Magazines

Appearance: Generally attractive and are often illustrated with color photographs.

Audience: Written for industry professionals.

Author/Authority: Articles written by staff writers, though the magazine may sometimes accept articles from industry professionals.

Citations: Occasionally list references at the end of the article or provide footnotes within the text.

Content: Includes current events and special features within a particular profession or industry.

Frequency: Usually published biweekly or monthly.


Examples:

         

General Interest Magazines

Appearance: Generally attractive and illustrated with color photographs.

Audience: Written for the general public.

Author/Authority: Articles written by staff or freelance writer.

Content: Includes current events and special features.

Frequency: Usually published weekly or monthly.


Examples: